A Show About Nothing Essay Research Paper free essay sample

A Show About Nothing Essay, Research Paper A Show About Nothing In the artcle, ? Is Seinfeld the Best Comedy Ever? ? , writer Jay McInerney agrees with Seinfeld the best comedy on telecasting. Seinfeld is a existent life show. The behaviours of Jerry, Kramer, George and Elaine, the failed communicating, and the mundane embassassment represent? void? but a curious mundane life. These? voids? go on to all of us, but when it is put on Television, people will express joy at these. Besides, the writer appreciates the fact that Seinfeld is a New York narrative but it is filmed in Los Angeles. ? The chunky texture of life in the metropolis, the random looniness of the street, the parlances and speech inflexions of Manhattan, and the claustrophobia of New York flat populating? in the show fascinates the New Yorker as it is so existent and amusing. Seinfeld takes those small nothings and combines them to make something realistic. We will write a custom essay sample on A Show About Nothing Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nothingness and world give the writer the grounds to believe that it is the best comedy of all time. When people consider Seinfeld as a? show about nil? . It could be humourous that? nothingness? can supply such an interesting subject for the comedies of life. In life people care about inside informations and worry about problem, the small nothings made are shortly forgotten. Therefore, these? voids? are really fragments of out existent life. Seinfeld gathers the void into a show, and it spreads out the thought that everything in the show that really happens all around us. For illustration, losing the auto in a parking garage, working for an bizarre foreman and get bying with the tests and trials of dating, it is common for a batch of people. And these worlds come into the void of Seinfeld. In Seinfeld, the fabulous four characters George, Kramer, Elaine and Jerry portion the voids which life have granted them. George can non pull thr miss because of his limitiations as a short, barefaced, fat adult male. Kramer struggles with the fact that he has non achieved anything in his life yet.. Elaine worries her clasp on to a good fellow and a good occupation for long. And Jerry, populating with his nil friends, every bit good as his ain LEX Luthurs which seem to ever abstract his programs to happen his ain Lois Lane and populate the life of Superman. The four were cramped in little flats of New York and populate a life of void. Besides, even the scenes in Seinfeld for great escapades appear muchlike nil. Seinfeld ever takes topographic point in Jerry? s flat. Jerry fears sources greatly so he keeps a orderly flat. From the flat the four program trips to the films or java stores. The java store is a topographic point where Elaine, George, and Jerry converse. The film house is a topographic point where Jerry, George, and Elaine frequently go to watch films together or convey day of the months. Jerry gets caught doing out during Shindlers List. Elaine gets caught non like the English Patient. They ever get into problem at the film theatre. The scenes of Seinfeld are simple in design, stating people that they are populating in a common manner. In decision, I agree with the description that Seinfeld is a? show about nil? . However, the void in the show really represent world. That is, Seinfels is a? show about world? . George, Kramer, Elaine, and Jerry are non stereotyped, they have alone characters and they merely represent the manner that they live. The scenes are simple and do people more easy to acquire connected with them. And the secret plan, it is about fragments of lives. It is a show about world that it may go on around us. Seinfeld creates an individuality that watching? nil? can show laughter and wit to everyone. Besides, the gift of? void? has transformed the lives of 1000000s around the universe.

Multinational Corporations essays

Multinational Corporations essays Multinational Corporations have emerged as one of the principal sources of foreign direct investment since the late 1970s by the worlds major industrialized nations. These firms allocate many different theories to achieve the status of a multinational. Internalization, product cycle, obsolescing bargain, and oligopoly theories along with the tariff-jumping hypothesis, shed light on how these foreign operations continue their path of vertical integration. However, even with these lucrative investment strategies it is difficult to distinguish help or hurt to the host country. Because of this proponents and critics of these practices have argued to whom is the greater advantage and why. A critique of these arguments will help in discussing the effectiveness of MNCs to illicit the policy goals of local governments; economic efficiency, growth, and improvement in the standard of living. A multinational corporation (MNC) is an enterprise that engages in foreign direct investment (FDI) and that owns or controls value-added activities in more than one country (Spero (2) they operate in a wide variety of countries around the globe; (3) the proportion of assets, revenues, or profits is high; (4) their employees, stockholders, owners, and managers are from many different countries; (5) their overseas operations are much more ambitious than just sales offices, including a full range of manufacturing and research and development (R Four theories and one hypothesis provide explanations of how structural goals are achieved by the MNCs. The internalization theory ...contends that firms expand abroad in order to internalize activities in the presence of market imperfections just as they expand domestically for similar reason...

Business letter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Business letter - Assignment Example The duties of my current project include maintaining the road and infrastructure in the town (including the tasks of road repairing, snow clearing, grinding gravel roads in summer, cutting grass on town property, etc.). My team has been working very honestly in my supervision, but some problems have been encountered in the management of the work load effectively resulting in getting over budgets and hiring more labors. Firstly, the winter season of the town is very severe for the laborers, as some of them belong to warm regions leading to their inefficiency at the work place and frequent medical issues specially reporting high fever and cold. To fill the gap of absent laborers, new laborers could be hired to replace them. Secondly, the Christmas event is very near, but the work load is more than expected because of more snowfall in this season than before. To complete the projects before the Christmas event, overtime shifts are introduced, which has caused over budget expenditures. Thirdly, the provided machinery for weather related problems was not working efficiently to control the freeze drainage culverts related issues. There was the need of high pressure steam machine, which was not available. So, the extra expenditures were spent on the purchase of new steam pressure parts for freeze drainage and ice on the

Nursing Theorist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Theorist - Essay Example The Neuman Systems Model, as it is sometimes called, â€Å"is a unique, open systems-based perspective that provides a unifying focus for approaching a wide range of international health concerns. Being universal in nature, it is open to creative interpretation and is widely used throughout the world† (Betty, 2009). Placed in the nursing process, Neuman’s system promotes holistic understanding of the patient. Because it is very broad-based and general, as the above quotation suggests, the Neuman system is applicable to a wide variety of situations. The generality of the theory also makes it more feasible in different situations. â€Å"The client in the Neuman’s system model is viewed as an open system in which repeated cycles of input, process, out put and feed back constitute a dynamic organizational pattern. The client may be an individual, a group, a family, a community or an aggregate† (Betty, 2009). Another strength is that the theory is modern, rather than having to be translated across dozens of years, or even centuries. Neuman’s model is actually, while it appears somewhat complicated, about two major components: stress, and the body’s reaction to it. If one can picture the theory in these terms, it becomes somewhat less complicated. One weakness of the theory is that it is so general that compromises in application could also result; another is that t he theory does not appear to have a lot of empirical support in peer-reviewed journals as anything other than a side-note, and the main source of information that comes up on an internet search does not include scholarly articles, but blogs and Neuman’s own website. Purpose: A lot of the problems with esoteric theory have centered around taking a theory and applying it to reality in a realistic and effective manner. Therefore, it is important to know whether or not real-world nurses can see

Sexual harassment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Sexual harassment - Research Paper Example For example, it is unlawful to harass a female employee, through making remarks that are offensive to the nature of women in general. Different from the traditional conception of sexual harassment, the harassing party and the victim can either be a man or a woman, and in other cases they can also be of the same sex. Despite the fact that the law does not prohibit offhand comments, teasing, or the isolated cases that are relatively subtle, harassment is illegal (Lawoko et al., 2004). This is, especially, the case when it is severe and frequent, to the extent that it makes the work environment offensive or hostile; it is considered illegal when it can lead to adverse decision-making relating to the employment of either parties (Bimrose, 2004). The adverse effects of sexual harassment include the demotion of the victim or the loss of employment, and the harasser can be a supervisor to the victim, a supervisor in another line of work, a co-worker or an external party, including a customer (EEOC 2014). This paper will explore the nature of sexual harassment, its characteristics and the experiences of sexual harassment. The main source of information for this report was the wide variety of databases for articles and publications about the area of sexual harassment: these databases include Emerald, Proquest, BIDS Ingenta, SpringerLINK, ScienceDirect, Business Source Premier and Inform Global. To offer focus to the search, different search terms were used, including sexual harassment, gender harassment, workplace violence and sexual harassment training. A majority of the sources related to the key terms were from Australia and the US – the focus of many of the sources was healthcare workers, particularly among nursing staffs (Privitera et al., 2005). Mott and Condor (1997) reported that during the 1990s, 85 percent of the studies done on sexual harassment had been carried out in the US, and that more than 70 percent of the total had used students

The Identified Problems In Yahoos Strategy

The Identified Problems In Yahoos Strategy Strategy considered being the lionized, under the lights word of business environment. A German proverb states, What is the use of running if you are not on the right road. Well crafted! Every business needs a strategically focussed plan to achieve its vision. Above all, an efficient management of the strategy under practice, bags the maximum concentration. This report extensively discusses the need for strategies and their characteristics in various distinct business environments and their implications in organizations. Beginning with the scrupulous analysis of the Yahoo!s peanut butter manifesto, It explains about the diverse theories and different levels of strategies embroiling with the various organizational levels in the pursuit of decision-making. Competitive Advantage is a yet another concept that storms every organization, to either sustain or improve their position in the market. The relationship between strategy and competitive advantage and its influence in the process o f making it have been deeply probed. Along with that, several other factors like situational and environmental analysis techniques such as SWOT, PESTEL etc influencing strategy and the concerned multi-dimensional perspectives of them are also congruently explored. Besides that it brings out a broad understanding of the contrasting differences of strategy in accordance with the industry and also exhibits the differences in control mechanisms applied to preside over and direction of the strategy. Finally, it concludes with a detailed spectacle of the trends in business strategies. 2. Yahoo!s Peanut Butter Manifesto Yahoo! Its You the company that emerged out hardly 16 years before, have been managing to long stand with its Internet services in the competitive business world. Their growth across the world prevents even an introduction. The scenario of this analysis assumes their case of Peanut Butter Manifesto [1]. 2.1 Identified Problems: Right from their start they enjoyed the triumphant position until few giants started competing in the war (business) field. For a period now, they are experiencing a slack due to few internal reasons, Lack of a focussed vision Lack of clarity of ownership and accountability Lack of decisiveness [1]. All these are absolutely strategic issues faced by them. Either their strategy is completely affected or they never had one in the first place. The Memo written by Mr. Brad Garlinghouse [1] provides evidence of the internal problems. They are completely related to the Leadership, Accountability, and Resource Management etc. 1.2 Analytical Expository: The views about the issues faced are strategic. Strategy is an all-embracing framework to take advantage of the resources to substantiate a favourable position. On mapping the identified problems to the corporate strategy model [1], The strategic position encompasses the environment, purpose, culture and capability factors. The issues faced match with majority of these factors. The strategic position of the organization is very weak and is majorly affected by the internal problems. The organizations span of growth proves it clearly. Internet, the field that can be ranged over at any angle would still provide profits. Yahoo! has overly exploited this opportunity and stretched far widely. This eventually had reduced their concentration on their competitive advantage. The company has about 41 Branded services outnumbering any other Internet services. Further down, they have 7 Non-Branded services and a length of 22 obsolete services. This totals about 70 ventures, which shows how inordinately they have been corporately entrepreneurial to fail in sustaining their competitive advantage. This could be their main problem. They need to have a proper vision in succeeding their position and advantage over others, just like Bill Gates Trustworthy Computing back in 2002. An organic redesigning of the organization has to take place to overcome present hurdles. This anal ysis would be stretched over the entire phase of explaining strategy and its dimensional levels in the remaining sections of the report. 3. Strategic Business Planning in Global Environment: Strategic Business Planning is the process of defining an organizations strategy and determining on dispensing its resources like investments, employees etc to achieve the defined goal. This includes the complete phase of the following, Analysis Choose and Generate Strategy Implement Strategy Directing and controlling it. In the global environment, there are numerous industries under which billions of businesses operate. They exhibit a myriad nature by orientating their focus. 3.1 Need for Strategic Business Planning: Numerous businesses become obsolete or show financial crisis in short fail to survive in the market, mainly because they fail to find themselves in the future. Which means they neither have a realizable vision nor succeeding in implementation. In other words they are not prepared for the uncertainties. There have been around 134,000 firms [2] showing strong manifestation of distress. Decision Making in the global environment is so intricate for an organization to tackle it effectively for profits. This requires Strategic Business Planning and Management. It helps them realize the vision by planning, organizing, directing and controlling every step they grasp. Organizations without strategic planning would lose its address in this crowd. In the global environment, been filled with public organization, the main need of a strategic is to fulfil stakeholder expectations. Global Environment has become a place, where customers alone are not the primary focus, but attracting stakeholders has major contribution, because the resource that any organization possess is been provided by the stakeholders rather than customers. The business input model has significantly changed. This kind of a competitive atmosphere ensures that businesses should have a robust competitive advantage over their competitors thereby making strategic planning as imperative. 3.2 Characteristics of Strategic Business Planning: Characteristics of Strategic Planning are deeply rooted. In general it posses various features like providing, Direction Business intending to be, Scope Markets to compete, Refining Activities to be undertaken, Advantage Better performances, Resources skills, assets, finance, relationship, technical competence etc. Environment Predicting the uncertainties [1], Back to our case in concern (Yahoo!s Peanut Butter Manifesto) [1], had they practiced a sinewy strategic business plan, they would have had better visions, completely refined activities by narrowing down their concentration, advantageous decisions, and an healthy distribution of the resources in accordance to their spectrum. Most striking characteristics of strategic business planning to achieve the competitive advantage are 3.3 Dimensions of Strategic Planning: In the Global environment, it is becoming increasingly inflexible as the stakeholders have increased and the customers have been attracted worldwide. Here it has 6 dimensions, where Senior Managerial decisions Huge resource dispenses Affect the long term welfare of the company Highly concerned about the future Strategic Business Units will be heavily affected Consequences due to the external environment [4]. 3.4 Levels of Strategy and Organization Decision Making: Organization basically has 3 decision-making levels, on each level strategy is integrated to deliver potential to the higher hierarchy. Johnson et al., say levels as, Corporate Level Business Level and Operational Level [1]. This could be well explained with the differing views of the organizations levels and nature of the decisions, Decision-making needs to be creative. Strategy in action makes sure that relevant activities are carried out and no redundancy or resource frittering happens. The previous practice of Yahoo had many trifling services, invoking lots of redundancies. The New strategy could refine them and decide on activities that signify the target. Any decision taken is not unescorted; it triggers the resistance in the succeeding level. Thus strategy has high influence on the decision-making phase evidencing why they need to be realizable; else it would disrupt the entire organizations culture and structure. 3.5 Difficulties in Global Environment External Drivers: Global Environment poses increased difficulties for any strategic planning and management. Various external factors play a vital role. External environment of any organization could be well understood by the situational analysis techniques, where PESTLE Analysis would help us in determining them. The external factors that intricates strategy planning in global environment are mainly, Strategic Global Alliances, Collaboration and Authority of Global Marketing Trade barriers Communication International Strategy selection Government Unions Legalization Culture Highly fluctuating currency trade-offs Gap between the globalization parameters Technological Revolution Financial Markets Here they are left with only two choices Cost Leadership differentiation International strategy National amenability or limited market Regional Strategy. Further they need to consider various expanding operators, which are 4. Strategies and Competitive Advantage: Competitive advantage forms the base of the strategy. The entire strategy is generated to realize the favourable position for the organization. 4.1 Differing theories and practice: Patterns of Strategy and Planning do not always follow the rational route. Exactly, Most of the time, the vision dreamt by the organization is seldom reachable. This gives rise to 2 different theories in practice. The Intended Strategy and The Emergent Strategy. The Intended or the designed strategy is the one that manager develops, whereas emergent strategies are those that evolve in the organization [5] like the Honda effect [6]. Intended strategy does not always work, whereas the realized strategy would work for sure, but it does not give a chance to every organization. The intended strategy is been designed for the company by a strong leadership capability. Intended or planned strategies have chances of failure, because we might delusively predict or anticipate the future, which could happen otherwise. Secondly, once when implemented, it will be hard to disengage ourselves. Finally, it could lead to improper definition of the structure of the future. 4.2 Best Route Does Singularity Exists? The strategies need not be always designed; it can develop in queer ways. Mintzberg says that strategies are either plan for the future (intended) or patterns of the past (emergent) [7], it is the responsibility of the organization to wisely choose which suits them the best. On evaluating both the process, it seems that intended strategy and emergent strategy both have their own limitations. Mintzberg suggests that learning [7] would be the best way, but global environment does not give enough time, which again contradicts. Hence the best route to develop strategy could be by developing a synergy between the two processes. The resource allocation is the root concern on both processes, therefore on evaluating the factors affecting resource allocation like organizational context and structural context, the synergy could be brought thereby leading to designed emergence to suit comfortably to achieve competitive advantage. 5. Different Strategies Different Dominance: There is no defined strategy; it needs to be changed as we change. As Marshall Goldsmith states, What got you here, will not take you there [8]. Strategy got the same rules. 5.1 Necessity of Different Strategy Views: Strategies are flexible and depend on the state of the market. Similar to products, competitive advantages behave as well, with emerging, maturing and declining. Strategy is structured and chose using various techniques called strategy formulation techniques. They are, porters 5 forces model, porters generic strategies etc., choosing between the three main porters strategies segmentation, cost leadership and differentiation. Here cost leadership and differentiation suit well for emerging competitive advantage. The BCG matrix and the ansoffs matrix help as well. Whereas the mature competitive advantage requires a sustaining strategy, like fortress defense, flanker brands or niche strategy to maximize the flow of profits to the remaining life, maintain and protect the business market. This involves customer loyalty retention as well. Market penetration could be a wise example. Cost leadership, differentiation and service quality model would be very source of sustainable competitive advantage. Thirdly on considering the declining competitive advantage, strategies like Harvesting, Maintenance, profitable survivor or niche could support the remaining life. The selection of strategy depends on the condition of the market share. 6. Strategy Various Scenarios of Action This section attempts to bring the contrasting features of the perceived competitive advantage and strategy deployment among profit based and non-profit based organization. 6.1 Contrasting Perspectives of Competitive Advantage: The basic differences between the two different types of organizations are The Organizational Purpose Profit Motive Assets The results of the Strategic Planning are orientated to the above-mentioned 3 categories. Difference between Non Profit and SME: Table S.No Non Profit SME Primary motive is serve common good Primary motive is to earn profit. Strategies focused on sticking with the mission definitely Depends on the external and Internal environments Intended strategy works most of the time Strategy is often realized. Concentration towards board development, fundraising and volunteer management Concentration towards profit, customers, stakeholders and brand. Treats employees the same Employees get more focus by salary or promotion Time is less significant in monitoring the strategic plan as long as we stick with the service. Time is the dominant factor, and if anything is not achievable, the vision could be modified to accept the realizing strategy. Priorities not changed to achieve goals. Priorities can be changed if needed. Frequency of monitoring is less Frequency of monitoring is high Control over employees performance is low Control over employees performance is high. Strict adherence to the strategy, since it was built upon the missionary values Strategy adherence is libertarian Highly accountable to the board comparatively Not so high Highly motivated by community service Highly motivated by profits Tends to serve who could not afford Serves only to those who afford. Concentrates on services offered Concentrates on organizational growth Goals are often vague Goals are highly defined. 6.2 Customary and Current trends: The term strategy has evolved over a long period of time. Strategic Business planning has changed the way the world looked at business evidently. In the mid of 1950s, budgetary was the theme of business, whereas now strategic innovation is the theme of business. Multinational companies, conglomerates, efficient business model, and virtual integration etc has changed business was once. The history of strategic business planning is phenomenal. Early 21st century, the stock value depended only on the profits, then people started excessive short-term earnings and managed stock valuations through reported earnings. This had led to the evolution of complicated and hard to achieve sources of competitive advantage. This encouraged the quest for the new model of the corporation [9]. This further led to the massive redesigning of the organization with capability-based, process based, and project based structures. New leader jumped into the field of business and drifted it away from the traditi onal methods save for profit earning objective. Table 1950s 60s 70s 70s 80s 80s 90s 2000s Theme Budgetary, Planning Control Corporate Planning Positioning Competitive Advantage Strategic Innovation Organizational Implications Coordination and Control Planning divisions Diversification, Strategies, Matrix Restructuring, Outsourcing Networks, Virtual Organization 7. Conclusion: The detailed view Strategic Business Planning and Management had been explored, including the theories under practice. The case of Yahoo! appeared to be quite interesting as such a multinational organization spanning over 70 businesses did not have a proper vision to align themselves at their services. There are numerous competitors with strong vision and robust plans have entered the market, for them to take redesign their organization and its culture. The need for strategic planning in the global environment is mandatory. Though there happens to be various difficulties it would be a hindering for the future as the business world has always accepted changes. This report critically analyzed the strategic planning differences for profit and non-profit organizations and the primary motives of control. Maree Conway says that the value of futures approach in Strategic Planning. It actually positions the organization in the time ahead of it by dynamically and rationally providing an appro ach to exploit the resources and opportunities, along with the warning signals of the uncertainties. And recent researches say the strategic planning would give way to process over product conceptualization, which might bring a radical change in the businesses are now.

How I Learned To Ski :: essays research papers

How I Learned To Ski I Love to snow ski, to me it is the epitome of excitement. I first tried to ski when I was only about four years old. My father, who is a tremendous skier, thought he should teach his first son just how to ski. Through practice and time I have made my father a happy teacher. I owe all my skiing knowledge to my father who has spent hour upon hour teaching me the so called "tricks of the trade". However, I have broken more than one bone learning what proves to be a very intense and serious sport and you should not take the excitment for granted. I got started when my dad entered a powder eight contest, that's when you and a partner go down the hill and make the number eight in the snow with your skies, the team with the best looking eight's win. As usually my father won, and that day was when he first taught me how to ski. He showed me how to snow- plow down a hill, that is your first move you learn upon skiing, then he so ever willingly took me to the bunny hill and watched intently as if he remembers when he was that age and how strange and awkward he felt with those clumsy skis and big boots. That day was so hot but yet the snow remained and kept falling from the ski. Then my father showed me the basic techniques he acquired while learning how to ski, you see there is no standard way to ski everyone has to find their own style of skiing or snowboarding . As you can find out this sport is not something you do good at right away, it takes time and practice to become good. When I got older we would go to bigger mountains in Colorado where he lives, we would spend all day skiing down difficult runs called double diamonds, that is the hardest run on the slopes. At first it was hard for me to keep up with my fathers tremendous speed and coordination he could really move down a mountain, for an amateur skier he was a real pro to me, I would try and copy his style for it was one that I learned very well. When I was able to find the style that best suited me I was amazed at how fast I had learned to ski, know when my father and I went down the mountain he was the one who had to keep up with me

Human Resource Management in Brunei Essay

Rousseau (1990) defines culture as a set of common values and understandings obtained through socialization (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright, 2008). As such, the Islamic laws define the fundamental customs and lifestyle of Bruneians. Nevertheless, culture is an elusive behavior, which can be refined and redefined as the macro-environment changes. We explore how attitudes and perspective can be changed, in order to better adapt to technologies through laws and policies, without contradicting the essentials of Islamic culture thus improving their economy. The General Order in Brunei provides employees with high social security and benefits; they are entitled to ‘lifetime employment’ (Dore, 1973). Thus leading to insufficient supply of jobs for the younger generation who makes up the largest percentage of the unemployment rate. Additionally, paternalism is evident in Brunei; superiors act as a father figure in the organization and employees show utmost respect for their managers. Thus illustrating the relationship between cultural influences and organizational behavior. Foreign investments and tourism in Brunei have been severely impeded due to their inflexible Islamic culture, hence affecting Brunei’s integration with the world. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Pakistan, the importance of ‘liberation of visa regulations’ will ‘boost tourism and trade opportunities’ (Ying Chua, 2010). However in Brunei, regulations on foreign investments must comply with the standard of their Islamic laws, which hinder growth. Thus, exemplifying that culture affects its economy as it set the boundary of Brunei’s business environment. It is difficult for Brunei to fully integrate their economy with western countries due to very differing culture. Nonetheless, she can aim to be the capital for the Islamic world. For example, it can be the financial capital for the Middle Eastern countries, or even the world main supplier for Halal food in the world. This acts as a double-edge sword for Brunei because Brunei will not compromise their rich culture for economical gains. However before attaining such standards, Brunei has to examine their technological infrastructure and whether Bruneians are ready to adapt themselves for changes. Bruneians pride themselves on their rich Islamic culture hence they are less receptive to changes that appear to be in conflict. The sultanate laws never inculcated the use of technology until the mid 21st century, the government through its education system (Ganske & Hamidon, 2006). However the older generation, which the workforce mainly consists, is less responsive to such drastic changes. Firstly, it is against their culture to voice differing viewpoints to their superiors as it is considered disrespectful therefore, severely curtailing their initiative thus breeding complacency and conformity. Secondly, the lack of formalization (Chan, Foo, Nelson, Timbrell, & Othman, 2010) contradicted the implementation of new technologies; ‘the announcement to embark on e-government (a B$1 billion project) was made in 2000 but it was not until 2003 that the actual planning started (Kifle & Cheng, 2009)’, this 3 years gap have left many Bruneians confused about the process and pro gress. Language is part of a country’s culture. (Bakar, 2008). Therefore any language differences, will significantly hinder Bruneians’ adaptation to technology. Brunei’s national language is Malay while new technologies developed are instructed in English. This sudden change in the use language has adversely impeded on their adaptation. Nevertheless, this is only applicable to the older generation as Brunei government has enforced bilingualism in their current education system. A shift in their language culture from solely Malay to bilingualism will enhance their adaptation to new technology hence fulfilling Brunei’s vision of becoming an e-government whereby all traditional manual paperwork are electronically done. It is indisputable that Brunei will always be ruled by a strict set of Islamic laws, which forms the core principle of the country. Nonetheless, the problems faced by Brunei can be corrected through prudent laws and policies that can be inculcated as part of their culture. Culture shapes the fundamental of the legal and political system in Brunei. The Sultanate laws favour the Brunei Malays because of their shared values and customs while indigenous minorities are viewed inferior (Braighlinn, 1992). This partial treatment could potentially jeopardies Brunei’s economy by distancing relationships with developed countries because of very differing culture and customs and these developed countries have valuable resources, which Bruneians can acquire from. For example, skilled professionals from other countries will be hesitant to enter Brunei’s workforce because they have slower social advancement and benefits. This can be improved on without changing the core principles of Islamism. Furthermore, it is because of their traditional principle of ‘strict essence of conformity and consensus’ (Kramar & Syed, 2012) that has tremendously thwarted their country’s global integration. Brunei’s doctrine, ‘does not allow organization or individual to challenge the government and its policies’, has adversely stunts employees’ initiative. The Majesty criticized their work indifference, working ‘just like a robot with no direction, initiative or common sense’ (Low, Zain, & Ang, 2012). Such inflexible and flaccid work-attitude, would only curtail individual’s motivation at work and more drastically, leading to colossal losses to the organization. To a great extent culture sets the tone of how a country should be governed by defining the boundaries of their operations. However, we can no longer say that a country’s culture is a separate entity from its political system or from its economy or even their adaptation to technology. Culture orientates the parameters of one’s laws and policies, which in turn affects the growth of its economy. Likewise, a technologically cultured country brought about through good policies, could bring about many benefits to its economy. All these factors are intertwined and together they work as a whole system as to how a country, whether private or public companies, should be run. However there are certain strategies which the government can undertake to help individual adapt to the technology. The Government Employee Management System (GEMS) is a project, which aims in achieving an interactive and integrated public service. (Brunei Government Prime Minister’s Office 2010) Human Resource Management (HRM) consists of 2 main functions; the process of managing people in the organization in a structured and thorough manner, e.g. hiring people and retention of people. Secondly, the management of people within an organization e.g. managing relationship between management and employees. Critically, HRM requires the use of technology-based platforms to ensure efficiency and high-productivity of an organization. Thus, the importance of implementing GEMS and ensuring success to facilitate HRM better. Introduction of the use of technical system for HRM Government Employee Management System (GEMS) is a web-based system that enables, â€Å"efficient data input and greater transparency, which allows better management of HRM practices such as recruitment, compensation and benefit.† (Brunei Government Prime Minister’s Office 2010) To achieve greater effectiveness, GEMS will automate a significant number of tasks that were previously done manually. Employees’ information will now be kept in a database accessible to all departments, and it will be easily attainable. It would fasten decision-making because information would be readily available whenever required. Responses of Advancement of technology in HRM However, GEMS was not well received by employees. The Majority of the population belongs to the Malay community, thus finding it difficult to adapt to the English web-based system. Strategies that involve Human Resource enable individual employees to adjust themselves to technological changes Re-training of Employees GEMS was found as a complex system, training is thus, crucial to assist staff and officers to adapt and operate GEMS effectively. Training will greatly assist employees to better manage GEMS, as employees would be able to constructively operate the new system independently. Further mentoring is needed to ensure employees have fully comprehended the use of the system. At the same time creating a sense of achievement and often boost employee’s morale. However, there are several disadvantages and cost to re-train employees. Firstly, the large amount of people in an organization makes it difficult to schedule trainings (N Nayab 2010). Secondly, training requires a lot of time and ample resources, which could be economically disadvantageous in the short run. Hence, organization should thoroughly consider the pro et contra before sending employees for re-trainings. Motivating of employees Another key approach to assist staff and officers to adapt effectively to such changes is through motivation. Rewarding Employees A reward system can be created to encourage the use of technology. A good strategy to ensure adaptation for employees would be the use of monetary benefits. For example, HRM could implement an incentive plan by recognizing its employees for its efforts to adapt and use new technologies. It aims to acknowledge good performance and address the gap between the organization goals set for employees and the final outcomes. Increase job satisfaction of employee The more contented an employee is with its job, the higher possibility an employee would be adaptive to changes. (Richard W. Scholl 2003) Employers can consider satisfying employees’ job satisfaction, such as pay, working hours and job security. With job satisfaction, employees would be more adaptive to changes and the willingness to ensure effective operation of GEMS, which in result beneficial to the company in the long run. However, motivation is subjective. While it can empower employees and employers, its effect may be short term. Therefore, effort must be made consistently, for it will not be able to fulfil its long term effect of adaptation towards new organization goals. Strategies by Singapore Government A country’s adaptation towards technology is nurtured over time, and Singapore is a good example for Brunei to help individual adapt to technology. Singapore encourages technology development in its bid to become the next Silicon Valley (Gregory Gromov 1986). Singapore Government has created schemes and funding, which include cash grants, tax incentives and debt financing (AsianOne 2009). Brunei Government could also implement special schemes and grants dedicated to attract setup and ensure success, encouraging entry of foreign technology investors. This will subsequently, benefit Brunei as it helps risk reduction, in terms of investment in the long run. To further encourage the development of new innovations, SPRING Singapore has a special Technology Innovation Programme (TIP) for those who are able to develop new inventions or improve existing ones (SPRING Singapore 2012). Such programs and campaigns could be implemented in Brunei, encouraging Brunei to be exposed to the latest technology available, resulting in the increase of tech savvy consumers over the years. The above are just some strategies, which Brunei can adopt to help individual adapt to technological changes. There are many other strategies and prudent policies which Brunei can mirror, modeled by the western countries without compromising its core principle of Islamism. HRM is not culturally neutral. The nature of the scope is linked with local institutions, labour laws, corporate strategies and industrial relations vary greatly across national borders. Social Rights Bruneian adheres to the MIB ideology, a set of guiding values with the incorporation of the importance of Islam as a religion. This strict rule over the country means there are limitations to the freedom of speech, freedom of associations and collective bargaining (Kramar & Syed, 2012). However, despite the strict conformity, the government has adopted flexible and family-friendly policies (Kramar & Syed, 2012). For instance, General Order states that one should work no more than 8 hours and there are flexibilities when family responsibilities arise. America offers a much higher degree of freedom to its people. In the case of her stipulated law, â€Å"employees shall have the right to organize and to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and shall be free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers†¦. in the designation of such representatives.† (Stough, 1933). This leads to the formation of Labour Unions, which give the workers’ rights to negotiate terms with the management. The political system of the two countries sets them apart. In Brunei, HRM has to adhere to the country’s strict conformity, affecting multiple HRM issues such as appointments, discipline, work etiquette and appointments. Its people have little or no say over what is decided for them, unlike America. This social rights has seen the formation of Labour unions; an idea in which the government of Brunei will never tolerate. Sociocultural Individualism vs. Collectivism Brunei is more of a collectivist – the working environment culture is such that the people who work together are closely knitted, like a big family (Salleh & Clarke). Supervisors and officers are treated with respect like that of a parent (Kramar & Syed, 2012). Employees have no qualms sharing any problems and issues with their managers. Such informal relationship leads to total loyalty to their group; it gives the workers the sense of belonging and security. America, on the other hand, is represented by individualism (Gorrill, 2007). The need to develop personal relationships is less significant in comparison to Brunei. Individual performances are, instead, highly valued in American culture; managers are only approached for help in essential situations (Gorrill, 2007). The American corporations subscribe to formal corporate planning procedures and are generally viewed as unconcerned with promoting long-term loyalty to the organisation (Beechler, Najjar, Stucker, & Bird, 1996). Thus, a highly competitive work ethic is cultivated, leading to less job security Low vs. High Power Distance With a hierarchical relationship in place, Brunei is thought to possess a high power distance. However, it is not the case. The nurturance and care provided to the subordinates by their superiors imply that a paternalistic relationship is present (Aycan, et al., 2001). In return, the subordinate are loyal to their superior. The relationship positively impacts on the employee participation rates in decision making and problem solving. Evidently, it lowers the power distance between managers and their subordinates. Western cultures are, more than often, represented with a low power distance, thus a certain degree of informality is present. However, in America, an authoritative and organisational hierarchy is very much accepted and entrenched in its business culture (Dana, 2010). In other words, decisions are made from the top. The hierarchical chain of command often supersedes personal relationship and clear distinctions are made between work colleagues and friends (Gorrill, 2007). These leads to a significant power distance between managers and employees. Economy The economic context of a country is hardly predictable and stable, but it is most likely to have long-term consequences for HRM (Kramar & Syed, 2012). The supply and demand of labour forces vary accordingly to the country’s unemployment level. Supply and demand of labour force The benefits offered by the Brunei’s public sector, coupled with the family-style work culture, create a stable and secured work environment. As such, a job position will, almost, only be available when someone retires or resigns (Kramar & Syed, 2012). This brings about minimal turnover and thus, leads to an oversupply of labour force. America also faces unemployment issues but however, causes and implications are different and unlike Brunei, the issue is not a long term one. In the States, companies are unconcerned with long time loyalty and retrenchment may occur due to poor performances, intensifying job competition (Gorrill, 2007). Despite facing similar unemployment problems, HRM from the two countries has to tackle the problem very differently. When 1,000 applicants apply for a job with only 4 vacancies, HRM in Brunei has to ensure the right people are hired for the jobs (Kramar & Syed, 2012). (Salleh & Clarke)While in America, HRM faces the challenges of recruiting people for jobs because intense job competitions bring about a lack of job security. Bibliography AsianOne (2009), Singapore Press Holdings Ltd., Singaporeans second most tech savvy in the world, viewed 15 February 2013 . Aycan, Z., Kanungo, R. N., Mendonca, M., Yu, K., Deller, J., Stahl, G., et al. (2001). Impact on Culture on Human Resource Management Practices: A 10-Country Comparison. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Beechler, S., Najjar, M., Stucker, K., & Bird, A. (1996). Japanese-style versus American-style Human Resource Management Overseas: Examining Whether the Data Support the â€Å"Facts†. New York: Columbia University. Black, A. (2008). Ideology and law: the impact of the MIB ideology on law and dispute resolution in the sultanate of Brunei Darussalam. Asian Journal of Comparative Law. Braighlinn, G. (1992). Ideological Innovation under Monarchy: Aspects of Legitimation Activity in Contemporary Brunei: Aspects of Legitimation Activity in Contemporary Brunei. The Netherlands: VU University Press. Brunei Government Prime Minister’s Office (2010), GEMS Background, viewed 15 February2013, . Bujang, A. G. (1987). Education for Nationhood. Southeast Asian J. of Education Studies . Dana. (2010). Downside of a low power-distance culture. Chicago: Investoralist. Gregory Gromov (1986), Silicon Valley History, viewed 15 February 2013, . (Gregory Gromov 1986) Gorrill, J. R. (2007). Doing Business in the United States of America / US Social and Business Culture. London: Communicaid. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequence: International Difference in Work Related Values. California: SAGE Publications Inc. Kramar, R., & Syed, J. (2012). Human Resource Managment in a Global Context. U.S: Palgave Macmillan. Kon, J. (2013, January 24). Over $1B spent in first year of 10th NDP. Retrieved February 5, 2013, from Borneo Bulletin: http://borneobulletin.com.bn/index.php/2013/01/24/over-1b-spent-in-first-year-of-10th-ndp/ Kramar, R., & Syed, J. (2012). HRM in Brunei’s public sector. In R. Kramar, & J. Syed, Human Resource management in a global context (pp. 27-30). New York: Palgrave Macmilan. Low, P. K., Zain, A. Y., & Ang, S.-L. (2012). The key principles of managing people: The Brunei perspective. interesjournal , 3, 594-602. N Nayab (2010), Pros & Cons of Company-Paid Employee Training, viewed 15 February 2013, Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B. A., & Wright, P. M. (2008). Human Resource Management; Gaining a competitive advantage. New York: McGraw Hill. Richard W. Scholl (2003), Job Satisfaction, viewed 15 February 2013, . Ronald Phillip Dore, 1973, ‘British factory-Japanese Factory: The Origins of National Diversity of Industrial Relations.’, Chapter 10, pg 264 Salleh, N. M., & Clarke, N. Emotions and their management during a merger in Brunei: The Impact of National Culture. Gadong; Southhampton: Institut Teknologi Brunei; University of Southhampton. SPRING Singapore (2012), Technology Innovation Programme (TIP), viewed 15 February 2013, (SPRING Singapore 2012). Stough, D. (1933). Trade unionism under the recovery program. Washington, DC: DC: CQ Press. World Trade Organization (WTO), 2001, ‘Trade Policy Reviews: First Press Release, Secretariats and Government Summaries’, viewed 20 February 2013, http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp164_e.htm Ying Chua, 2010, ‘Strict visa rules a factor in limited Pakistani trade presence, tourism’, The Brunei Times, May 7, http://www.bt.com.bn/business-national/2010/05/07/strict-visa-rules-factor-limited-pakistani-trade-presence-tourism

Essay on The Truly Staggering Cost Of Inventing New Drugs

Essay on The Truly Staggering Cost Of Inventing New Drugs Essay on The Truly Staggering Cost Of Inventing New Drugs Essay on The Truly Staggering Cost Of Inventing New DrugsToday the drug issue is rather complicated. Drugs have always been a social problem. The use of illegal drugs makes other social problems worse. There are many reasons that can be applied to classify drugs as illegal (Mooney et al., 2012).   Many drugs are considered to be illegal because they share addictive qualities that can cause damage to human health. Besides, drugs can be legal in one country, but illegal in another country. The major reasons to this difference in drug distribution include political reasons, e.g. legalization of drugs, or procedural reasons, e.g. â€Å"approved by another federal regulatory body but not yet approved by the FDA† (Welborn, 2005, p. 10). At the same time, prescription drugs can be legal in the U.S., but taken illegally by individuals because of the difference in price or some other reasons, e.g. â€Å"no legal prescription obtained, or a drug prescribed for someone else† (We lborn, 2005, p. 10). Illegal drugs make other social problems worse, including such problems as the increased crime rate, overcrowded prisons, increased unemployment rate, the spread of AIDS and other health problems, decrease in the U.S. economy and inability to continue the invention of new effective drugs.There are many social problems caused by the use of illegal drugs. In the U.S. social problems are focused on violation of the established social norms, rules and regulations. The use of illegal drugs leads to the increased drug-related gang violence, which is connected with illegal cocaine and marihuana distribution.   The increased crime rate affects the society in general and each society member in particular. Although in some states marihuana is legally used for medical purposes, there are many cases which require special consideration as they lead to harmful actions (Mooney, 2012).The problem of overcrowded prisons is one more consequence of the use of illegal drugs in th e U.S. Those citizens who are involved in illegal distribution of drugs become criminals. There are many causes that lead to this social problem. According to researchers, â€Å"the arrest of street drug sellers puts pressure and expense on the already crowded prisons†(Parviz-Babalavi, 2010, p. 62). If drug sellers are arrested, they lose nothing. There are no laws that would fine these people, therefore, overcrowded prisons has become a serious social problem that affects budget and makes no revenue for the U.S. government.Another serious social problem caused by the distribution of illegal drugs in the U.S. is unemployment. As a rule, drug users are unemployed. They produce nothing and contribute nothing to the development of the U.S. society. The U.S. government is dealing with this social problem through the application of various social programs aimed at providing training and education courses for the unemployed (Mooney et al., 2012).Besides, the use of illegal drugs ma kes such social problem as the spread of AIDS worse. In many cases, the use of illegal drugs is associated with the spread of infectious diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases (Mooney et al., 2012; Welborn, 2005). In addition, the use of illegal drugs makes various family issues worse. For example, â€Å"conviction of a drug offense can lead to a parent being in prison, eviction from public housing, deportation and permanent exclusion from public assistance† (Mooney et al., 2012, p. 92).Finally, the use of illegal prescription drugs in the U.S. may lead to decrease in the U.S. economy. If the U.S. citizens continue to buy lower-priced prescription drugs in Canada, Mexico and other countries, there would be a considerable decrease in the U.S. economy (Herper, 2013). According to researchers, the cost of drug manufacturing is rather low, but the cost of new drugs development is rather high (Herper, 2013). One of the reasons of the high cost of prescription drugs in t he U.S. is that higher prices allow the U.S. pharmaceutical specialist to invent new effective drugs. According to researchers, â€Å"a single clinical trial can cost $100 million at the high end, and the combined cost of manufacturing and clinical testing for some drugs has added up to $1 billion† (Herper, 2013). This fact means that the use of illegal prescription drugs may lead to the decline in invention of new effective drugs.ConclusionThus, it is necessary to conclude that the use of illegal drugs can be viewed as a serious social problem that can make other social problems worse. The U. S. Government should take the proper actions to reduce the negative effects of illegal drugs on the U.S. society in general and on each member of society in particular. The classification of dugs as illegal involves various reasons, therefore, it would be better to place emphasis on each reason and find the proper solutions to eliminate the negative effects of illegal drug use in the U. S.

Vote or not essays

Vote or not essays In the constitution it says, the right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by a State on account of age. When asked why I think I would vote, in this upcoming election, or any other I would have to say because it is my right. A right given to me by the government allowing me to have a say about what goes on in our country today. If I was eighteen I would take full advantage of the opportunity to help make the decision The statistics show that in the United States the amount of eligible voters that actually vote is extremely low. I think this is because a lot of people think they wont make a difference. This is the wrong attitude to have because if you dont vote you have no right to complain. If you dont take advantage of the opportunity to have a say in what goes on then you didnt take proper action and cant complain cause you had the chance to make a difference. On the other hand there are also the people that say they dont have time to vote but really they have plenty of time. That is no excuse. There are also a fair number of people who say they dont like either of the candidates so they arent going to vote. I dont think this is the right view to take because even if you dont like the candidate maybe there is an issue that you can agree with or a particular stand point that you can take a side on. Therefore, the freedom that is given to we, the people, to participate in the affairs of our country should be taken up on. Many wonder how to go about raising the percentage of voters. Those people that think they dont make a difference should be told that there is no chance of making a difference if you dont vote. Taking the few minutes it actually takes to put in a vote ...

Research Report Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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The diy orchestra of the future Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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